TimeToStudy

Transformation of Sentences

By /
CLUE: REASON

Markers & Patterns

TypeCommon MarkersForm Example
Simple too… to, to + verb, because of / owing to / due to / for He donated money to support the helpless people.
Complex so… that, so that, as/because/since, present participle (Being…) He donated money so that he could support the helpless people.
Compound and so, but so (coordinating conjunction + result) He wanted to support the helpless people and so he donated money.
Examples:
The load is too heavy to carry. → The load is so heavy that I cannot carry it. → The load is very heavy and so I cannot carry it.

Practice (Reason)

  1. Patriotism highly motivates a man so that he can sacrifice his life for the country. (Transform to Simple)
  2. He disguised himself a poor traveler to survive. (Transform to Complex)
  3. A student should be aware of studying regularly so that he can do well in the exam. (Transform to Simple)
  4. He was too tired to walk. (Transform to Complex)
  5. We should read books to acquire knowledge. (Transform to Complex)

Tip: use so that or to + verb depending on whether you show purpose or reason.

CLUE: TIME

Markers & Patterns

TypeMarkersExample
SimplePhrases of time (At the age of…), One-night expressionsAt the age of ten, he left his house.
ComplexWhen, While, As, Present participle (Entering…)When he was ten, he left his house.
CompoundCoordinating conjunction (and)He was ten and he left house.
Examples:
At the time of saying his prayer, his mother came. → While he was saying his prayer, his mother came. → He was saying his prayer and his mother came.

Practice (Time)

  1. When he was eight, his father died. (Transform to Simple)
  2. He came to a house and asked for something to eat. (Transform to Simple)
  3. Entering the kingdom of the prince, he captured a large village. (Transform to Complex)
  4. He went to Europe and started composing poems. (Transform to Simple)
  5. When he was a boy, he desired to be an Englishman. (Transform to Simple)
  6. One night, while he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room. (Transform to Simple)
  7. Seeing Muhsin, the thief cried. (Transform to Complex)
  8. He sat under the tree and fell asleep. (Transform to Simple)
CLUE: CONTRAST

Markers & Patterns

TypeMarkersExample
SimpleIn spite of / DespiteIn spite of being a costly game, everybody likes cricket.
ComplexThough / AlthoughAlthough cricket is a costly game, everybody likes it.
CompoundbutCricket is a costly game but everybody likes it.
Examples:
Despite being a wonder of modern science, mobile phone has also some demerits. → Though mobile phone is a wonder of modern science, it has some demerits. → Mobile phone is a wonder of modern science but it has some demerits.

Practice (Contrast)

  1. Though we take utmost care, we cannot avoid death. (Transform to Compound)
  2. A healthy person is an asset but an unhealthy man is a liability. (Transform to Complex)
  3. He is very poor but honest. (Transform to Simple)
  4. Though we have some strict laws, we are still affected by corruption. (Transform to Compound)
CLUE: PLACE

Markers & Patterns

TypeMarkersExample
SimplePhrase of place (in/at/on)Haji Mohammad Mohsin was born in Hoogly.
Complexwhich, whereIt was Hoogly where Haji Mohammad Mohsin was born.
CompoundandIt was Hoogly and Haji Mohammad Mohsin was born there.

Practice (Place)

  1. Tendulkar was born in India. (Transform to Complex)
  2. Argentina is a country where Lionel Messi was born. (Transform to Simple)
  3. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. (Transform to Complex)
CLUE: CONDITION

Markers & Patterns

TypeMarkersExample
SimpleBy + (verb+ing) / Without + (verb+ing) / In case ofBy studying attentively, you can do well in the exam.
ComplexIf / Unless / In caseIf you study attentively, you can do well in the exam.
Compoundimperative or coordinating form (Study and… / then)Study attentively and you can do well in the exam.

Practice (Condition)

  1. If you use time properly, you will be benefited. (Transform to Simple)
  2. By repeating the activity, they make a poor result. (Transform to Complex)
  3. No one can receive any reward unless he works hard. (Transform to Simple)
  4. If we read books, we can enrich our mind. (Transform to Simple)
CLUE: PERSON

Markers & Patterns

ConnectorSimpleComplex
Who The students studying regularly can expect a good result. The students, who study regularly, can expect a good result.
Who (phrase) People living in the high land can escape flood. People, who live in the high land, can escape flood.

Practice (Person)

  1. Honest People can lead a happy life. (Transform to Complex)
  2. A person having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Transform to Complex)
  3. The students studying regularly can expect a good result. (Transform to Complex)
  4. The people who are poor cannot afford to take a balanced diet. (Transform to Simple)
  5. He spent money lavishly to help the poor. (Transform to Complex)
OBJECT / CONCEPT

Markers & Patterns

ConnectorSimpleComplex
Which / ThatHealth is wealth.It is health which is wealth.
Which (relative)The programs telecast by television are very interesting.The programs, which are telecast by television, are very interesting.

Practice (Object / Concept)

  1. Health is wealth. (Transform to Complex)
  2. He had a basket full of caps. (Transform to Complex)
  3. He was born at Sagordari on the bank of the Kapotakso. (Transform to Complex)
  4. He wants his students to be good citizens. (Transform to Complex)
  5. We hope that Bangladesh will be free from corruption. (Transform to Simple)

Answer Key (Click to show)

Show / Hide Answers for practice exercises
Reason (selected answers) 1. Simple: Patriotism highly motivates a man to sacrifice his life for the country. 2. Complex: He disguised himself as a poor traveler so that he could survive. 3. Simple: A student should study regularly to do well in the exam. 4. Complex: He was so tired that he could not walk. 5. Complex: We should read books so that we may acquire knowledge. Time (selected answers) 1. Simple: At eight, his father died. 2. Simple: He came to a house. He asked for something to eat. 3. Complex: When he entered the kingdom of the prince, he captured a large village. 4. Simple: He went to Europe. He started composing poems. 5. Simple: As a boy, he desired to be an Englishman. 6. Simple: One night he was saying his prayer when a thief broke into his room. 7. Complex: When Muhsin was seen, the thief cried. (or: Seeing Muhsin, the thief cried.) 8. Simple: He sat under the tree. He fell asleep. Contrast (selected answers) 1. Compound: We take utmost care, but we cannot avoid death. 2. Complex: A person who is healthy is an asset, but an unhealthy man is a liability. 3. Simple: He is very poor and honest. 4. Compound: We have some strict laws, but we are still affected by corruption. Place (selected answers) 1. Complex: Tendulkar, who was born in India, … (or: It was India where Tendulkar was born.) 2. Simple: Argentina is the country where Lionel Messi was born. 3. Complex: Dhaka, which is the capital of Bangladesh, … Condition (selected answers) 1. Simple: Use your time properly and you will be benefited. 2. Complex: By repeating the activity, they get poor results (or: If they repeat the activity, they get poor results). 3. Simple: Unless you work hard, you cannot receive any reward. 4. Simple: Read books and you can enrich your mind. Person / Object (selected answers) (Selected transformations are given above; adapt grammar to match tense and meaning.)

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